ENERGY+(5th)

Notes for the Unit on Energy

Heather p320-321 **Energy-** the ability to do work or produce heat **__Potential energy-__** energy due to position or composition **__Kinetic energy-__** energy due to the motion of the object and depends on the mass of the object (m) and it's velocity (v): K.E=1/2 mv^2 **__Law of Conservation of Energy-__** energy can be converted from one form to another but can be neither created or destroyed EX. energy of the universe is CONSTANT **__Work-__** force acting over a distance

Chris p322-323 state function- property of the system that changes independently of its pathway. temperature- measure of the random motions of the components of a substance. heat- flow of energy due to a temperature difference. imagine a container divided into two equal halfs. now on one side of the container there is hot water. on the other side there is cold water. due to the heat transfering energy it gives off to the cold water it will cool down making the molecules in the hot water move slower and heat up the cold water making the molecules in that container move much faster.

Taylor p324-325 EX. the heat outside the becker
 * Temperatuer : a measuer ofrandom motions of componests of an object
 * Heat : a flow of energy dew to temperature difference
 * Thermal enregy : transferred from a hot object to a colder object
 * Exothermic : energy that flows out
 * Endothermic : energy that flows in
 * System: which would be the chemicals
 * Surroundings: which would be outside factors

Missy p326-327 1. A number, giving the magnitude of the change. 2. A sign, indicating the direction of flow.** *Different materialsrespond differently to being heated. -1 Calorie is equal to 4.184 Joules**
 * The Flow Of Energy
 * The study of energy is called thermodynamics. The law of conservation of energy is often called The First Law of Thermodynamics.
 * The energy of the universe is constant.
 * External energy of a system can be defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energies of all particles in the system.
 * Thermodynamic quanities always consist of 2 parts:
 * Measuring Energy Changes
 * Metric System:**
 * Calorie- amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one celsius degree.
 * Joule can be conveniently defined in terms of the calorie.
 * Example:

Ryan p328-329

Bobbie p330-331

Stephanie 332-333  //Firewalking- //Human tissue is composed of mostly water therefore it can deal with a high amount of heat before it shows any real or serious damage. Between the time that the tissue is touching the coals and when it lifts to take another step, there is no time for energy to flow to make it painful and cause damage. The coals, obviously, are very hot but the red hot layer is very small.

Greg 334-335 A **Greenhouse Effect** is when the ambient temperature of a gas or liquid is raised because of heat being trapped from light. A possible relation to Earth's temperatures can be seen with the recent incline of CO2 gas in the Earth's atmosphere, from 300 parts-per-million to 350 parts-per-million
 * Greenhouse Effect** :The greenhouse effect is when gasses or liquids let in light, but trap heat (aka: Infrared light). The best example of this is how the greenhouse gasses CO2 and Methane let sunlight through to heat the earth's surface, but insulate the heat from space..

Travis 336-337

Nate 338-339
 * methane is a main component of natural gas, combinations of methane and oxygen makes up fossil fuel
 * a natural gas is simular to petroleum this contains as much as 97% methane, this originated from decomposted plants from ancient forests
 * theres alot of methane down deep in the ocean, they say that 320,000 trillion cubic feet of methane trapped in the ocean by the u.s. this methane is traped in cavities they are water molecules this are arange like molicules in ice
 * these stuctures are called methane hydrates

Michelle 340-341 Even though we do not have to worry about the heat death we do need to think about conserving quality energy supplys. The energy stored in Petroleum molecules got there over millions of years through plants and animals absorbing energy frm the sun. We are looking for another source of energy because Petroleum furnishes a concentrated source of energy. we get our energy from the sun. solar energy uses the suns energy to do work in our society. Woody plants, coal, petrolium and natural gas provide energy that came from the sun. Plants store energy that can be claimed by burning the plants themselves or the decay products that have been converted over millions of years to fossil fuels. Although Petroleum and natural gases are not completly understood, they were most likely formed from the remains of marine organisms that lived approximetly 500 million years ago. Potroleum is a thick, dark liquid composed mostly of compounds called hydrocarbons that contain carbon and hydrogen. Natural Gas is a gaseuos fossil fuel, mostly consisting of methane and usually associated with petroleum deposits.

Kendra 342-343 __**Coal-**__ Formed from the remains of plants that have been buried and been effected by high pressure & heat over a long period of time. Coal matures through 4 stages- liginite, subbtuminous, bituminous, anthractite. Each stage gets a higher carbon to oxygen and carbon to hydrogen ratio. U.S uses 20% of coal for energy __**Effects of Carbon Dioxide on Climate-**__ 30% of the suns light is reflected back into space. Remaining energy is absorbed by soil, plants, rocks and water this energy then is called //infraded radiation//.

Brice 344-345

Anthony 346-347 __**New energy sources**__
 * Consider economic, climatic, and supply factors
 * Potential Sources: sun, nuclear, biomass, wind, synthetic

__**Energy as a driving force**__
 * Interested in energy in nature
 * //Example of Nature: Watch log burn log + O2(g) -> CO2(g) + H2O(g) + ashes + heat //**//Reverse never happens //**
 * Two important driving factors: Energy Spread & Matter Spread
 * **Energy Spread:** concentrated energy is widely dispersed. Happens everytime an exothermic process occurs.
 * //Example of Energy Spread: When bunsen burner burns, energy stored in fuel disperses into surrounding air //
 * **Matter Spread:** The molecules of a substance are spread out and occupy a larger volumeExample of Energy Spread: When a bunsen burner burns the energy stored in fuel is dispensed into surrounding air.

Missing pages 348,349,350 Missy: 348 -Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness**
 * Entropy
 * Entropy is a function we have invented to keep track of the national tendency for the components of the universe to become disordered.
 * As randomness increases, entropy also increases.